Library Research Project
A. K. Smiley Public Library, Redlands, California
Daphne McKinney
San Jose State University
Library 280-12
Professor Beth Wrenn-Estes
May 15, 2011
Table of Contents
Introduction
The City of Redlands
Influential people
Early Organizing
The Redlands Public Library
Early Operations
The A. K. Smiley Public Library
General Operations and Expansions
The Building
Conclusion
Epilogue
References
Introduction
The City of Redlands
Influential people
Early Organizing
The Redlands Public Library
Early Operations
The A. K. Smiley Public Library
General Operations and Expansions
The Building
Conclusion
Epilogue
References
Introduction
Establishment of a public library in Redlands, California was officially and openly discussed for the first time in 1891. Scipio Craig, the editor of the local newspaper, The Citrograph, stated the fact that the neighboring city of San Bernardino was in the process of creating a public library (Irshay, 1987). Craig went on to stress the fact that a city as intelligent as Redlands should have a public library (Irshay, 1987). It was often the case in the later part of the nineteenth century that when neighboring municipalities were establishing public libraries, it would further encourage the residents of a particular city to move forward with their public library plans (Harris, 1971). Several prominent and influential citizens took note of Craig's statements. Among them were A. K. Smiley, his twin brother A. H. Smiley and J. B. Breed (Irshay, 1987). These persons along with other men, women and organizations would work toward the establishment of a public library in Redlands. This support for the public library would also allow the library to flourish and grow along with the town (Irshay, 1987).
City of Redlands
E. G. Judson, in his speech for the dedication of the library building, recalls the Redlands he first saw as being a "barren plain" with sage brush and wild flowers (A. K. Smiley Public Library, 1898). The Santa Ana River was nearby so Judson and Frank E. Brown bought three hundred and twenty acres from Southern Pacific railroad in 1881 (Hein, 1968). However, the water supply was scarce until Bear Valley Dam, an engineering masterpiece for its time, was built by Yale graduate Frank E. Brown (Moore, 1983). More money was then invested in the town and the population and businesses grew (Irshay, 1987).
With a population under two thousand, Redlands incorporated in 1888 (Irshay, 1987). Absorbed into Redlands was the town of Lugonia, just to the north (Moore, 1983). Judson had given the city its name because the clay-like soil had a red hue (Irshay, 1987).
Promotional advertising of the glorious weather, beauty and the opportunities Redlands had to offer were widely circulated. Several groups were formed to bring people to Redlands from the Chicago area and the east coast (Irshay, 1987). A couple of these groups were the San Bernardino County Immigration Society and the Chicago California Colonization Society (Irshay, 1987). The leader of the Chicago Colony was R. J. Waters. He was an attorney who came to Redlands in 1888 with a desire to build and develop the area. After purchasing a fifteen acre parcel, the Chicago Colony divided it into smaller parcels with each owner having the obligation to build a two or three story building. Within a year, the buildings were standing (Moore, 1983). It was said by Moore (1983) that the early settlers "not only believed in enterprise but also in the good life" (p.1).
Redlands also publicized itself to the east coast and people came from New York and New England (Irshay, 1987). Many wealthy people came to Redlands in the winter months and built lavish homes for that purpose (Hein, 1968). In 1889 a group called the Connecticut excursion toured the area and met Frank P. Morrison, a Redlands banker and civic leader in efforts to promote development (Moore, 1983).
Electricity in the form of electric lights came to the downtown in August 1893. Shortly after, it became possible to have electricity in private homes (Irshay, 1987). Telephone service had been in some homes since 1882 (Irshay, 1987). Citrus, especially the navel orange, was leading the economic boom along with construction (Moore, 1983). Unfortunately, several freezes in the early twentieth century slowed the citrus industry and, temporarily, the growth in the area (Moore, 1983).
With a population under two thousand, Redlands incorporated in 1888 (Irshay, 1987). Absorbed into Redlands was the town of Lugonia, just to the north (Moore, 1983). Judson had given the city its name because the clay-like soil had a red hue (Irshay, 1987).
Promotional advertising of the glorious weather, beauty and the opportunities Redlands had to offer were widely circulated. Several groups were formed to bring people to Redlands from the Chicago area and the east coast (Irshay, 1987). A couple of these groups were the San Bernardino County Immigration Society and the Chicago California Colonization Society (Irshay, 1987). The leader of the Chicago Colony was R. J. Waters. He was an attorney who came to Redlands in 1888 with a desire to build and develop the area. After purchasing a fifteen acre parcel, the Chicago Colony divided it into smaller parcels with each owner having the obligation to build a two or three story building. Within a year, the buildings were standing (Moore, 1983). It was said by Moore (1983) that the early settlers "not only believed in enterprise but also in the good life" (p.1).
Redlands also publicized itself to the east coast and people came from New York and New England (Irshay, 1987). Many wealthy people came to Redlands in the winter months and built lavish homes for that purpose (Hein, 1968). In 1889 a group called the Connecticut excursion toured the area and met Frank P. Morrison, a Redlands banker and civic leader in efforts to promote development (Moore, 1983).
Electricity in the form of electric lights came to the downtown in August 1893. Shortly after, it became possible to have electricity in private homes (Irshay, 1987). Telephone service had been in some homes since 1882 (Irshay, 1987). Citrus, especially the navel orange, was leading the economic boom along with construction (Moore, 1983). Unfortunately, several freezes in the early twentieth century slowed the citrus industry and, temporarily, the growth in the area (Moore, 1983).
Influential people
Courtesy of A. K. Smiley Public Library
Albert K. Smiley & Alfred H. Smiley
A. K. Smiley and A. H. Smiley were born March 17, 1828 in Vassalboro, Maine. Years later, after the death of their mother, their half-brother, Daniel Smiley was born on November 22, 1855. Daniel would also play a role in the Redlands library development (Irshay, 1987). The twin brothers of Quaker-Scottish background received their education at a Quaker boarding school near Philadelphia. Upon their graduation, they were offered positions to stay at the institution as educators themselves (Irshay, 1987).
However, later in 1868, Albert and Alfred purchased a farm in New York state where they planned to live, but a short trip introduced the twins to the beauty of Lake Mohonk (Irshay, 1987). Realizing the potential the area had, they spent their life savings and purchased land. They hoped to develop this land into a beautiful resort so others could enjoy the beauty of Lake Mohonk (Irshay, 1987). So at age forty-one they embarked on what would be an enjoyable and lucrative career (Irshay, 1987).
An ailing young man, named Isaac Ford came to Redlands from Philadelphia in1884 and soon thrived in the warm sunshine (Hein, 1968). His wealthy, Quaker friend Will England, came to Redlands and soon spread the word about the benefits of wintering in Redlands, California (Hein, 1968). At about the same time, Fred A. Smiley, the son of Alfred Smiley was visiting a friend in the Crafton area near Redlands. He made arrangements to meet his father and family in Pasadena and Fred persuaded them to visit Redlands (Hein, 1968). Alfred Smiley was so taken with the views that he purchased forty acres looking out onto the San Timoteo Canyon (Hein, 1968). The next year, 1889, he began building a home in what was to be Canyon Crest Park (Hein, 1968). The Smileys then began doing what the England family was doing - wintering in Redlands from Thanksgiving until May (Hein, 1968).
The Englands developed Prospect Park and the Smiley brothers developed and planted the lush and beautiful Canyon Crest Park, all of this adding to the beauty of Redlands (Hein, 1968). The stories of Albert K. Smiley and Alfred H. Smiley are continued in the accounts of the library which follow below.
Scipio Craig. Scipio Craig came to California in 1870 from Ohio. After trying his hand at several occupations, he issued the first Citrograph newspaper July 16, 1887 (Hein, 1968). Through articles and advertisement in his newspaper, he was very active in the promotion of Redlands (Hein, 1968). He was very interested in writing about things which could lead to a better city, state, and nation (Hein, 1968). In his editorials he would often create a dialog and an awareness of important city and library issues. The Citrograph was in its twenty-first year when he died of a long illness (Hein, 1968). His wishes were for his historical collection to be given to the A. K. Smiley Public Library. His collection is named "The Craig Collection."
A. K. Smiley and A. H. Smiley were born March 17, 1828 in Vassalboro, Maine. Years later, after the death of their mother, their half-brother, Daniel Smiley was born on November 22, 1855. Daniel would also play a role in the Redlands library development (Irshay, 1987). The twin brothers of Quaker-Scottish background received their education at a Quaker boarding school near Philadelphia. Upon their graduation, they were offered positions to stay at the institution as educators themselves (Irshay, 1987).
However, later in 1868, Albert and Alfred purchased a farm in New York state where they planned to live, but a short trip introduced the twins to the beauty of Lake Mohonk (Irshay, 1987). Realizing the potential the area had, they spent their life savings and purchased land. They hoped to develop this land into a beautiful resort so others could enjoy the beauty of Lake Mohonk (Irshay, 1987). So at age forty-one they embarked on what would be an enjoyable and lucrative career (Irshay, 1987).
An ailing young man, named Isaac Ford came to Redlands from Philadelphia in1884 and soon thrived in the warm sunshine (Hein, 1968). His wealthy, Quaker friend Will England, came to Redlands and soon spread the word about the benefits of wintering in Redlands, California (Hein, 1968). At about the same time, Fred A. Smiley, the son of Alfred Smiley was visiting a friend in the Crafton area near Redlands. He made arrangements to meet his father and family in Pasadena and Fred persuaded them to visit Redlands (Hein, 1968). Alfred Smiley was so taken with the views that he purchased forty acres looking out onto the San Timoteo Canyon (Hein, 1968). The next year, 1889, he began building a home in what was to be Canyon Crest Park (Hein, 1968). The Smileys then began doing what the England family was doing - wintering in Redlands from Thanksgiving until May (Hein, 1968).
The Englands developed Prospect Park and the Smiley brothers developed and planted the lush and beautiful Canyon Crest Park, all of this adding to the beauty of Redlands (Hein, 1968). The stories of Albert K. Smiley and Alfred H. Smiley are continued in the accounts of the library which follow below.
Scipio Craig. Scipio Craig came to California in 1870 from Ohio. After trying his hand at several occupations, he issued the first Citrograph newspaper July 16, 1887 (Hein, 1968). Through articles and advertisement in his newspaper, he was very active in the promotion of Redlands (Hein, 1968). He was very interested in writing about things which could lead to a better city, state, and nation (Hein, 1968). In his editorials he would often create a dialog and an awareness of important city and library issues. The Citrograph was in its twenty-first year when he died of a long illness (Hein, 1968). His wishes were for his historical collection to be given to the A. K. Smiley Public Library. His collection is named "The Craig Collection."
Early Organizing
. Local reading rooms, some private libraries, retail book stores and an active YMCA were already flourishing in Redlands in the late 1880's (Irshay, 1987). In 1887 the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) opened a reading room with a lending library in their State Street facility (Irshay, 1987). YMCA libraries were a common first lending library and reading room in many cities in America. A prominent theme behind the organizing of these services was the temperance movement (Held, 1973). This movement, which also included the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), had as their goal to keep people out of saloons in their fight against alcohol. They provided the reading rooms as safe, social places to spend an afternoon or evening (Held, 1973).
Miss Jennie L. Jones opened the first book store downtown. In her retail bookstore she also developed a lending library for a nominal cost of ten cents per week (Irshay, 1987). Due to her poor health, the business of the store was turned over to Miss Lucy Foote, a former teacher from Wisconsin (Irshay, 1987). Miss Foote partnered with Miss Pierpont and both their business and their lending library became very popular along with the previously established reading room at the YMCA (Irshay, 1987). Miss Foote would later serve on the first Public Library Board (Irshay, 1987).
Women's clubs, such as the Contemporary Club, were organizing and these would later lend their services to the new library plans (Irshay, 1987). School libraries, book socials and receptions were also thriving, emphasizing a clear interest and eventual need for a public library (Irshay, 1987).
The period of time from 1850 through 1920 was known for the development of public libraries in cities and towns across America (Held, 1973). Several laws were being passed by the California Legislature, such as the Rogers Act of 1878. This allowed cities to form and maintain public libraries, but libraries were not mandatory, just permitted (Held, 1973). The law also limited the powers of the Library Trustees, as all matters needed to be agreed upon by the city government (Held, 1973). Another important legislation was in 1894 freeing libraries from taxation (Held, 1973).
In November, 1893, after the first public discussions of a public library in 1891, a Public Library Association was formed which was to be lead by Alfred H. Smiley. During the heavily attended meeting, as reported in The Citrograph, a temporary committee was established to act as trustees until a city election. The committee consisted of three women and six men, among them A. H. Smiley, Professor Eaton, F. P. Meserve (treasurer), J. B. Breed, A. B. Ruggles, Mrs. Howard White (secretary), Miss Lucy Foote and Mrs. H. S. McAbee ("A Public Library Association," 1893). A new YMCA building was in the stages of development and several prominent citizens were discussing plans to house the new public library and a reading room in the new building (Irshay, 1987). This new library in the YMCA building was to be run by the city, not the YMCA (Burgess, n.d.).
The new plans for the public library were calling for subscriptions which meant that while the library would be public, it would be financed by donations. These donations were being solicited of the public ("A Public Library Association," 1893). As was the case in Redlands, often the social or subscription library was later turned over to the city and then funded by tax levies (Held, 1973).
At the November 23rd meeting of the Public Library Association resolutions were passed to advertise in newspapers for book donations and also for lists of possible books to be purchased ("A Public Library Association," 1893). Donations were being collected by the appointed treasurer F. P. Meserve and on January 27, 1894 the total subscription to date was $1,900 (The Citrograph, 1894). Mrs. Howard White, a former library board member in Orange, New Jersey, was serving as a Library Trustee. As reported in The Citrograph(1894), Mrs White traveled to Los Angeles to spend time observing the operations of a public library. She is described in the LA Express article which was printed in The Citrograph (1894) as being, "a woman of wide information and rare culture" (p. 1).
Miss Jennie L. Jones opened the first book store downtown. In her retail bookstore she also developed a lending library for a nominal cost of ten cents per week (Irshay, 1987). Due to her poor health, the business of the store was turned over to Miss Lucy Foote, a former teacher from Wisconsin (Irshay, 1987). Miss Foote partnered with Miss Pierpont and both their business and their lending library became very popular along with the previously established reading room at the YMCA (Irshay, 1987). Miss Foote would later serve on the first Public Library Board (Irshay, 1987).
Women's clubs, such as the Contemporary Club, were organizing and these would later lend their services to the new library plans (Irshay, 1987). School libraries, book socials and receptions were also thriving, emphasizing a clear interest and eventual need for a public library (Irshay, 1987).
The period of time from 1850 through 1920 was known for the development of public libraries in cities and towns across America (Held, 1973). Several laws were being passed by the California Legislature, such as the Rogers Act of 1878. This allowed cities to form and maintain public libraries, but libraries were not mandatory, just permitted (Held, 1973). The law also limited the powers of the Library Trustees, as all matters needed to be agreed upon by the city government (Held, 1973). Another important legislation was in 1894 freeing libraries from taxation (Held, 1973).
In November, 1893, after the first public discussions of a public library in 1891, a Public Library Association was formed which was to be lead by Alfred H. Smiley. During the heavily attended meeting, as reported in The Citrograph, a temporary committee was established to act as trustees until a city election. The committee consisted of three women and six men, among them A. H. Smiley, Professor Eaton, F. P. Meserve (treasurer), J. B. Breed, A. B. Ruggles, Mrs. Howard White (secretary), Miss Lucy Foote and Mrs. H. S. McAbee ("A Public Library Association," 1893). A new YMCA building was in the stages of development and several prominent citizens were discussing plans to house the new public library and a reading room in the new building (Irshay, 1987). This new library in the YMCA building was to be run by the city, not the YMCA (Burgess, n.d.).
The new plans for the public library were calling for subscriptions which meant that while the library would be public, it would be financed by donations. These donations were being solicited of the public ("A Public Library Association," 1893). As was the case in Redlands, often the social or subscription library was later turned over to the city and then funded by tax levies (Held, 1973).
At the November 23rd meeting of the Public Library Association resolutions were passed to advertise in newspapers for book donations and also for lists of possible books to be purchased ("A Public Library Association," 1893). Donations were being collected by the appointed treasurer F. P. Meserve and on January 27, 1894 the total subscription to date was $1,900 (The Citrograph, 1894). Mrs. Howard White, a former library board member in Orange, New Jersey, was serving as a Library Trustee. As reported in The Citrograph(1894), Mrs White traveled to Los Angeles to spend time observing the operations of a public library. She is described in the LA Express article which was printed in The Citrograph (1894) as being, "a woman of wide information and rare culture" (p. 1).
The Redlands Public Library
The YMCA building housing the library, Archive photo
Thursday, February 8, 1984, the Library Trustees voted to donate the library to the city ("City library," 1894). The city officially accepted and it was decided to retain the same Library Board of Trustees until a regular election ("City Trustees," 1894). A public reception was also decided upon and the newly hired librarian, Miss Nevin, was using her expertise to ready the collection, now over one hundred-fifty books ("City library," 1894).
On Thursday, February 22,1894 the public library was opened for a reception in its location in the new YMCA building on the corner of Cajon and Vine. It was a festive occasion with floral decorations and an orchestra. The crowd was capacity when A. H. Smiley, chairman of the Board of Library Trustees, lead the program which included several speakers ("Library reception," 1894). The speakers included, Rev. Williams, Professor Gleason of the high school, Mr. A. H. Smiley, Mayor E. G. Judson, Miss Kelso, the librarian from Los Angeles who had guided the formation of the library, and Dr. Riggs ("Library reception," 1894). The library would officially open and begin circulation on March 1st and juvenile circulation would begin a few days later ("The Public Library," 1894).
On Thursday, February 22,1894 the public library was opened for a reception in its location in the new YMCA building on the corner of Cajon and Vine. It was a festive occasion with floral decorations and an orchestra. The crowd was capacity when A. H. Smiley, chairman of the Board of Library Trustees, lead the program which included several speakers ("Library reception," 1894). The speakers included, Rev. Williams, Professor Gleason of the high school, Mr. A. H. Smiley, Mayor E. G. Judson, Miss Kelso, the librarian from Los Angeles who had guided the formation of the library, and Dr. Riggs ("Library reception," 1894). The library would officially open and begin circulation on March 1st and juvenile circulation would begin a few days later ("The Public Library," 1894).
Early operations
First librarian. The librarian opening the library was Miss Helen Nevin, who was already an accomplished librarian ("City library," 1894). Recommended by Miss Kelso, she was a trained librarian from Los Angeles (Irshay, 1987). She was hired in February and offered a forty dollar a month salary. There were circulating reports that some in Redlands were not happy with the hiring of a librarian not from Redlands. The Library Board responded, that if a Redlander desired the position, they would need to first train at a library school (Irshay, 1987).
The Library Board of Trustees was busy establishing policies for the new library. Among some of the more restrictive policies was the fact that children had to be over twelve years to obtain a card, but more restrictive was the guarantor policy (Irshay, 1987). If a person was not a tax paying resident of Redlands, they would need a guarantor to sign for them when they obtained their card. The rules for those who could be a guarantor were very strict. Three of the women founders of the library needed to have their husbands sign for them (Irshay, 1987). Surprisingly, a guarantor was needed to sign for the founder of the town, E. G. Judson. However, A. H. Smiley did not require a guarantor (Irshay, 1987).
It was also the responsibility of the Library Board to approve titles of books for acquisition (Irshay, 1987). The rules and resolutions of the board were sent to the City Trustees for final approval (Irshay, 1987). On September 15, 1894 Mr. Meserve, a Library Trustee, presented to the City Trustees the petition the Board had drafted calling for a five cent tax, which was up from the four cent levy previously proposed ("City Trustees," 1894). The editor of The Citrograph, Scipio Craig, campaigned for the five cent levy which was supported by the public and the petition did pass (Irshay, 1987).
Miss Nevin worked hard and the circulation records showed as such. In September, she reported a circulation of ten thousand-eight-hundred-thirteen since the March 1st opening (Irshay, 1987). She was given a raise to fifty dollars a month and was widely regarded as a professional (Irshay, 1987). In her prepared Annual Report-1894-1895, circulation was over twenty-three thousand, fiction was the most circulated, and the periodicals were very popular (Irshay, 1987). Although the books had not been cataloged, Miss Nevin had compiled a list of the holdings and this sold in a pamphlet for ten cents (Irshay, 1987). One of her accomplishments was the establishment of her "art department" which was a collection of prints and artwork available for circulation (Irshay, 1987). The hours at the library were long, but at the March 8,1894 Library Trustee meeting, it was decided to give Miss Nevin Friday evenings off, thus allowing her one evening off a week ("Public Library," 1894).
Then, much to everyone's surprise, Miss Nevin submitted her resignation to the Library Board effective July 1, 1895. The reason behind her departure remains a mystery (Irshay, 1987). She left so quickly and suddenly after such successful growth and popularity of the library (Irshay, 1987).
A new librarian. The new librarian hired was a young woman in her twenties from Redlands named Antoinette Humphreys. Formal documentation of her credentials are not known, but her knowledge was clear in her excellent work for the library (Irshay, 1987). She had one assistant working with her in the public library quarters of the YMCA building. This assistant was, however, part time and her salary was not to exceed fifteen dollars in six months (later it was raised to twenty dollars in three months) (Irshay, 1987). Miss Humphreys had been paying for the assistant herself for awhile until she could persuade the Library Trustees to hire an assistant (Irshay, 1987).
The library continued to grow with increases in budget, circulation and use of the reading room (Irshay, 1987). The City Trustees approved the raising of the tax-levy for the library to seven cents upon the recommendations of the Library Trustees owing in large part to the town's willingness to support the local library (Irshay, 1987). Miss Humphreys utilized the local newspapers to publicize the services and activities offered by the library and to keep the public aware of their local library (Irshay, 1987). Some changes occurred in the Board of Library Trustees and the City Trustees over the next few years. Mr Meserve resigned an was replaced by Mr. Charles Putnam of Boston. Two City Trustees were elected in 1896 from the Prohibition Party which meant a tighter budget and some discomfort over the lease with the YMCA (Irshay, 1987). Mrs. White resigned as the secretary to the Board and was replaced by the wife of the Congregational minister, Mrs Annie Williams (Irshay, 1987).
Another change to the Board occurred in 1898 when Judson and Ruggles were replaced by B. H. Jacobs, a temperance leader, citrus grower and a YMCA board member, and J. W. England (Irshay, 1987).
There were calls for longer library hours. A growing collection was requiring more shelves, and school children were using the library more and more for their assignments (Irshay, 1987). In 1896 the age restriction for obtaining a library card was removed, so children could now hold their own library card. The guarantor and resident policy still remained (Irshay, 1987). The Annual Report of 1896-1897 showed a collection of over four-thousand items and circulation was well over twenty-three thousand, so the need for a new building was becoming more apparent (Irshay, 1987).
The Library Board of Trustees was busy establishing policies for the new library. Among some of the more restrictive policies was the fact that children had to be over twelve years to obtain a card, but more restrictive was the guarantor policy (Irshay, 1987). If a person was not a tax paying resident of Redlands, they would need a guarantor to sign for them when they obtained their card. The rules for those who could be a guarantor were very strict. Three of the women founders of the library needed to have their husbands sign for them (Irshay, 1987). Surprisingly, a guarantor was needed to sign for the founder of the town, E. G. Judson. However, A. H. Smiley did not require a guarantor (Irshay, 1987).
It was also the responsibility of the Library Board to approve titles of books for acquisition (Irshay, 1987). The rules and resolutions of the board were sent to the City Trustees for final approval (Irshay, 1987). On September 15, 1894 Mr. Meserve, a Library Trustee, presented to the City Trustees the petition the Board had drafted calling for a five cent tax, which was up from the four cent levy previously proposed ("City Trustees," 1894). The editor of The Citrograph, Scipio Craig, campaigned for the five cent levy which was supported by the public and the petition did pass (Irshay, 1987).
Miss Nevin worked hard and the circulation records showed as such. In September, she reported a circulation of ten thousand-eight-hundred-thirteen since the March 1st opening (Irshay, 1987). She was given a raise to fifty dollars a month and was widely regarded as a professional (Irshay, 1987). In her prepared Annual Report-1894-1895, circulation was over twenty-three thousand, fiction was the most circulated, and the periodicals were very popular (Irshay, 1987). Although the books had not been cataloged, Miss Nevin had compiled a list of the holdings and this sold in a pamphlet for ten cents (Irshay, 1987). One of her accomplishments was the establishment of her "art department" which was a collection of prints and artwork available for circulation (Irshay, 1987). The hours at the library were long, but at the March 8,1894 Library Trustee meeting, it was decided to give Miss Nevin Friday evenings off, thus allowing her one evening off a week ("Public Library," 1894).
Then, much to everyone's surprise, Miss Nevin submitted her resignation to the Library Board effective July 1, 1895. The reason behind her departure remains a mystery (Irshay, 1987). She left so quickly and suddenly after such successful growth and popularity of the library (Irshay, 1987).
A new librarian. The new librarian hired was a young woman in her twenties from Redlands named Antoinette Humphreys. Formal documentation of her credentials are not known, but her knowledge was clear in her excellent work for the library (Irshay, 1987). She had one assistant working with her in the public library quarters of the YMCA building. This assistant was, however, part time and her salary was not to exceed fifteen dollars in six months (later it was raised to twenty dollars in three months) (Irshay, 1987). Miss Humphreys had been paying for the assistant herself for awhile until she could persuade the Library Trustees to hire an assistant (Irshay, 1987).
The library continued to grow with increases in budget, circulation and use of the reading room (Irshay, 1987). The City Trustees approved the raising of the tax-levy for the library to seven cents upon the recommendations of the Library Trustees owing in large part to the town's willingness to support the local library (Irshay, 1987). Miss Humphreys utilized the local newspapers to publicize the services and activities offered by the library and to keep the public aware of their local library (Irshay, 1987). Some changes occurred in the Board of Library Trustees and the City Trustees over the next few years. Mr Meserve resigned an was replaced by Mr. Charles Putnam of Boston. Two City Trustees were elected in 1896 from the Prohibition Party which meant a tighter budget and some discomfort over the lease with the YMCA (Irshay, 1987). Mrs. White resigned as the secretary to the Board and was replaced by the wife of the Congregational minister, Mrs Annie Williams (Irshay, 1987).
Another change to the Board occurred in 1898 when Judson and Ruggles were replaced by B. H. Jacobs, a temperance leader, citrus grower and a YMCA board member, and J. W. England (Irshay, 1987).
There were calls for longer library hours. A growing collection was requiring more shelves, and school children were using the library more and more for their assignments (Irshay, 1987). In 1896 the age restriction for obtaining a library card was removed, so children could now hold their own library card. The guarantor and resident policy still remained (Irshay, 1987). The Annual Report of 1896-1897 showed a collection of over four-thousand items and circulation was well over twenty-three thousand, so the need for a new building was becoming more apparent (Irshay, 1987).
The A. K. Smiley Public Library
There were rumblings in neighboring local papers regarding a new library building being erected in Redlands, California (Irshay, 1987). However, it is difficult today to find many records regarding the planning for the new building (Irshay, 1987). A Los Angeles Times article "Redlands" (1897) discusses the plans for the library as having been rendered in the mission style by the architect T. R. Griffith, the location being on the corner of 4th and Vine Streets in Redlands, and that construction is to begin within the next week. The article "Redlands" (1897) goes on to say that the building will have modern electric lighting and heating and "will be one of the finest library buildings west of Denver" (p. 22).
The new library building: A. K. Smiley Public Library. The day was April 29, 1898 when the dedication and formal presentation of the library building to the city occurred. Five hundred people attended, each paying twenty-five cents for that privilege, the proceeds given the the library. The guests included representatives of several libraries around Southern California ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
The Citrograph, cited above, of Saturday May 7, 1898 covered the entire front page and involved the next five pages. The program for the day is outlined as well as the content of the many speeches of the day. The first speaker of the day was the Rev. J. H. Williams of the First Congregational Church with his speech "Public Libraries - Their Value and Importance." In this speech, he reviewed the history of libraries in the United States beginning with the establishment in 1638 of Harvard College Library ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). He spoke of the establishment of the Boston Public Library in 1854 and he recognized the profession of the librarian ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). In The Citrograph article covering his speech (1898) Williams states "We are in the midst of the free library period. Great things are ahead of us" (p. 1).
After being introduced with much applause and handkerchief waving, A. K. Smiley spoke to the large crowd ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). In The Citrograph's article (1898), Mr. Smiley's speech consists of his giving the keys of the library building, the furnishings and the park grounds, to the city with the hope that they are "faithfully and liberally sustained" (p. 2). Smiley goes on to state in the article (1898), "But, the principal charm of Redlands does not rest in its scenery, however superb that may be, but in the character of its people" (p. 2).
John Fisk gave a speech which went over the physical descriptions of the library in great detail. He mentions everything from the stone foundations to the stained glass windows and fireplaces ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). E. G. Judson gives a speech titled, "History and Growth of Redlands." He relates to the crowd the Redlands he knew when he first arrived compared now to the Redlands of this special occassion ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
F. P. Morrison gave his speech, "Relations of the Library to Business Interests." Mayor Fowler also spoke thanking Mr Smiley for his monumental gift to the city ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). Following Mayor Fowler, Kirke H. Field, Esq. gave his speech, "The Ethical Value of the Gift." He points out that while many cities may wait years for a public library, Redlands has one, and in such a magnificent building, just ten years after incorporation ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
L. B. Avery, the principal of Union High School, spoke on the, "Relation of Public Libraries to Education" in which he discussed how rapidly and prolifically libraries are forming across the United States ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). Following this last speech, an orchestra played several famous patriotic songs. Mr. Smiley thanked the audience again and the crowd dispersed after much applause ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
The new library building: A. K. Smiley Public Library. The day was April 29, 1898 when the dedication and formal presentation of the library building to the city occurred. Five hundred people attended, each paying twenty-five cents for that privilege, the proceeds given the the library. The guests included representatives of several libraries around Southern California ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
The Citrograph, cited above, of Saturday May 7, 1898 covered the entire front page and involved the next five pages. The program for the day is outlined as well as the content of the many speeches of the day. The first speaker of the day was the Rev. J. H. Williams of the First Congregational Church with his speech "Public Libraries - Their Value and Importance." In this speech, he reviewed the history of libraries in the United States beginning with the establishment in 1638 of Harvard College Library ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). He spoke of the establishment of the Boston Public Library in 1854 and he recognized the profession of the librarian ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). In The Citrograph article covering his speech (1898) Williams states "We are in the midst of the free library period. Great things are ahead of us" (p. 1).
After being introduced with much applause and handkerchief waving, A. K. Smiley spoke to the large crowd ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). In The Citrograph's article (1898), Mr. Smiley's speech consists of his giving the keys of the library building, the furnishings and the park grounds, to the city with the hope that they are "faithfully and liberally sustained" (p. 2). Smiley goes on to state in the article (1898), "But, the principal charm of Redlands does not rest in its scenery, however superb that may be, but in the character of its people" (p. 2).
John Fisk gave a speech which went over the physical descriptions of the library in great detail. He mentions everything from the stone foundations to the stained glass windows and fireplaces ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). E. G. Judson gives a speech titled, "History and Growth of Redlands." He relates to the crowd the Redlands he knew when he first arrived compared now to the Redlands of this special occassion ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
F. P. Morrison gave his speech, "Relations of the Library to Business Interests." Mayor Fowler also spoke thanking Mr Smiley for his monumental gift to the city ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). Following Mayor Fowler, Kirke H. Field, Esq. gave his speech, "The Ethical Value of the Gift." He points out that while many cities may wait years for a public library, Redlands has one, and in such a magnificent building, just ten years after incorporation ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
L. B. Avery, the principal of Union High School, spoke on the, "Relation of Public Libraries to Education" in which he discussed how rapidly and prolifically libraries are forming across the United States ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). Following this last speech, an orchestra played several famous patriotic songs. Mr. Smiley thanked the audience again and the crowd dispersed after much applause ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
General Operations and Expansions
Progress and growth. The library was officially named the A. K. Smiley Public Library on May 4, 1898 when the City Trustees approved the resolution (Irshay, 1987). The name, in bronze letters, was placed on the front of the building in November of that year (Irshay, 1987). The amount of people using the library had increased to one-thousand-three hundred and twenty-three and the collection was nearing five-thousand items as per the Annual Report for 1897-98 (Irshay, 1987). School children were using the library as part of their classes. This was coordinated with the local school teachers (Irshay, 1987).
An 1898 report revealed even more growth and it was becoming increasingly necessary to catalog the library holdings (Irshay, 1987). To keep books in better condition, Miss Humphreys worked with the local elementary school in a program she called "Library League" which encouraged children to take better care of the books from the library (Irshay, 1987). Also new was the ability to reserve books of popular titles for a small fee. Some objected to this, but the librarian explained that all the books were still free to borrow, the wait might just be a little longer (Irshay, 1987).
Longer hours, especially the creation of weekend hours, were being called for by citizens and by The Citrograph editor, Scipio Craig. These hours were approved by the Library Board early in 1900 (Irshay, 1987). A library attendant and a janitor needed to be added to accommodate the hours. At this time there was also an assistant librarian (Irshay, 1987).
The sixth Annual Report, 1899-1900 reported the largest yearly growth so far with the library collection well over five-thousand (Irshay, 1987). The establishment and improvement of a children's library was an important project for the library (Irshay, 1987).
The Library Board of Trustees made several policy changes over the early years of operation. Included in these changes was the fact that a guarantor was no longer needed for Redlands residents. Library hours were again extended in 1904 and other restrictions to obtaining and using library cards were further reduced (Irshay, 1987).
Losses. In January 1904, Alfred H. Smiley died. He had remained active on the Library Board until his death (Irshay, 1987). Not long after, J. B. Breed, also of the Library Board, died. There was an increase in staff turnovers in 1905 and the assistant librarian, Gertrude McIntosh, left after nine years with the library (Irshay, 1987).
An 1898 report revealed even more growth and it was becoming increasingly necessary to catalog the library holdings (Irshay, 1987). To keep books in better condition, Miss Humphreys worked with the local elementary school in a program she called "Library League" which encouraged children to take better care of the books from the library (Irshay, 1987). Also new was the ability to reserve books of popular titles for a small fee. Some objected to this, but the librarian explained that all the books were still free to borrow, the wait might just be a little longer (Irshay, 1987).
Longer hours, especially the creation of weekend hours, were being called for by citizens and by The Citrograph editor, Scipio Craig. These hours were approved by the Library Board early in 1900 (Irshay, 1987). A library attendant and a janitor needed to be added to accommodate the hours. At this time there was also an assistant librarian (Irshay, 1987).
The sixth Annual Report, 1899-1900 reported the largest yearly growth so far with the library collection well over five-thousand (Irshay, 1987). The establishment and improvement of a children's library was an important project for the library (Irshay, 1987).
The Library Board of Trustees made several policy changes over the early years of operation. Included in these changes was the fact that a guarantor was no longer needed for Redlands residents. Library hours were again extended in 1904 and other restrictions to obtaining and using library cards were further reduced (Irshay, 1987).
Losses. In January 1904, Alfred H. Smiley died. He had remained active on the Library Board until his death (Irshay, 1987). Not long after, J. B. Breed, also of the Library Board, died. There was an increase in staff turnovers in 1905 and the assistant librarian, Gertrude McIntosh, left after nine years with the library (Irshay, 1987).
Expansions. In 1906, A. K. Smiley announced that he wished to expand the library by both a hundred foot extension to the east (see photo above) and a ninety times ninety foot children's room in the shape of a cross to the north, west and south (Irshay, 1987). Mr. Smiley would pay for the buildings, but the furnishings would be purchased by the library. This work would be completed in 1907 (Irshay, 1987).
The California Library Association. At the time of the construction, Miss Humphreys was given a position by the California Library Association (CLA) as president of the Fourth District. This was a great responsibility, but Miss Humphreys was well qualified and well respected in the library profession (Irshay, 1987).
The CLA convention was to take place in Redlands and the staff was given a holiday so they could attend. The library, at this time, had a children's librarian, Jane Shepard (Irshay, 1987). Redlands Mayor Suess and A. K. Smiley spoke at the convention. Mr. Smiley was so enthusiastic about Redlands being the host for the convention that he "allowed" the librarians to ride through Canyon Crest Park, although, in vehicles not to exceed five miles per hour (Irshay, 1987).
Staff changes. In 1910, the library had reached circulation of over eighty-seven thousand and had four-thousand-four-hundred and five library card holders (Irshay, 1987). An assistant was hired, named Bessie Degenhart, who in a period of development of children's services, would become one of the leading children's librarians (Irshay, 1987). Before 1900 there were not a lot of interesting children's books, but that was changing and librarians across the nation were very interested in providing services to children and interested in careful selection of children's literature (Lerner, 1998).
After fifteen years of service, Miss Humphreys accepted another position and resigned from the A. K. Smiley Public Library. During her tenure at the library, it had grown from one room to a new, beautiful building with two major expansions (Irshay, 1987). She did not stay long in her new position and married in 1911 (Irshay, 1987).
A new librarian. In 1910, Charles Putnam was president of the Library Board and was faced with the task of hiring a new librarian. The Board unanimously hired Miss Artena Chapin from Muncie, Indiana (Irshay, 1987). Her salary was to be two-hundred dollars a month. She was a graduate of the University of Michigan and the Library School of the University of Illinois and she also had previous work experience (Irshay, 1987).
The staff at that time, besides Miss Chapin, consisted of one assistant, two clerks, a cataloger, and the children's librarian, Bessie Degenhart (Irshay, 1987). One new attendant was hired to cover the evening hours. Miss Chapin was frustrated with the budget restraints for the library, especially as it pertained to the staff (Irshay, 1987). She was also frustrated by some of the design flaws of the otherwise beautiful building, particularly because the space did not lend itself to all of the book preparation tasks which needed to be done. One particular book task was the practice of fumigating the books when they were returned. This was done due to the virulence of the contagious diseases of the time. The books were treated with formalin in a basement area (Irshay, 1987).
Children's activities continued to flourish and grow at the library coinciding with the national formation of the Boy and Girl Scouts and the Campfire Girls (Irshay, 1987). Miss Chapin realized that the children's room, added in 1907, was becoming too small (Irshay, 1987). She continued her efforts in outreach, opening a branch in the Lugonia School. Later, branches extended to four schools (Irshay, 1987).
A great loss. When A. K. Smiley died on December 2, 1912, the library went into mourning. Special sessions of the Library Board were held and mourning draperies were hung in the library windows and left in place until 1913 (Irshay, 1987). But Mr. Smiley's wishes for further expansion of the library were to be met in the years to come (Irshay, 1987).
More space. The basement was opened in 1914 to add much needed space which pleased the librarians (Irshay, 1987). Charles Putnam, a member of the Library Board paid for the renovations. He was to continue to give generously to the library (Irshay, 1987). Miss Chapin continued with many advertising and publicity campaigns for the library as well as outreach programs. And, like Miss Humphreys before her, she continued to grow the collection of local history (Irshay, 1987).
The War. All public libraries were called upon in 1917 to raise funds for the armed services. Such a campaign was started in Redlands (Irshay, 1987). Two staff members had to leave the library for the war effort (Irshay, 1987). It was noted that less fiction was circulated at this time (Irshay, 1987).
Another librarian. In 1919, Miss Chapin, ill, and frustrated with the need for more staff, space and books resigned from the library. Her leaving was a great loss to the library (Irshay, 1987). A new librarian, who could see the library through another renovation, was needed. Elizabeth Lowry, formerly of the Chino Normal School, was employed to fill the position (Irshay, 1987).
The California Library Association. At the time of the construction, Miss Humphreys was given a position by the California Library Association (CLA) as president of the Fourth District. This was a great responsibility, but Miss Humphreys was well qualified and well respected in the library profession (Irshay, 1987).
The CLA convention was to take place in Redlands and the staff was given a holiday so they could attend. The library, at this time, had a children's librarian, Jane Shepard (Irshay, 1987). Redlands Mayor Suess and A. K. Smiley spoke at the convention. Mr. Smiley was so enthusiastic about Redlands being the host for the convention that he "allowed" the librarians to ride through Canyon Crest Park, although, in vehicles not to exceed five miles per hour (Irshay, 1987).
Staff changes. In 1910, the library had reached circulation of over eighty-seven thousand and had four-thousand-four-hundred and five library card holders (Irshay, 1987). An assistant was hired, named Bessie Degenhart, who in a period of development of children's services, would become one of the leading children's librarians (Irshay, 1987). Before 1900 there were not a lot of interesting children's books, but that was changing and librarians across the nation were very interested in providing services to children and interested in careful selection of children's literature (Lerner, 1998).
After fifteen years of service, Miss Humphreys accepted another position and resigned from the A. K. Smiley Public Library. During her tenure at the library, it had grown from one room to a new, beautiful building with two major expansions (Irshay, 1987). She did not stay long in her new position and married in 1911 (Irshay, 1987).
A new librarian. In 1910, Charles Putnam was president of the Library Board and was faced with the task of hiring a new librarian. The Board unanimously hired Miss Artena Chapin from Muncie, Indiana (Irshay, 1987). Her salary was to be two-hundred dollars a month. She was a graduate of the University of Michigan and the Library School of the University of Illinois and she also had previous work experience (Irshay, 1987).
The staff at that time, besides Miss Chapin, consisted of one assistant, two clerks, a cataloger, and the children's librarian, Bessie Degenhart (Irshay, 1987). One new attendant was hired to cover the evening hours. Miss Chapin was frustrated with the budget restraints for the library, especially as it pertained to the staff (Irshay, 1987). She was also frustrated by some of the design flaws of the otherwise beautiful building, particularly because the space did not lend itself to all of the book preparation tasks which needed to be done. One particular book task was the practice of fumigating the books when they were returned. This was done due to the virulence of the contagious diseases of the time. The books were treated with formalin in a basement area (Irshay, 1987).
Children's activities continued to flourish and grow at the library coinciding with the national formation of the Boy and Girl Scouts and the Campfire Girls (Irshay, 1987). Miss Chapin realized that the children's room, added in 1907, was becoming too small (Irshay, 1987). She continued her efforts in outreach, opening a branch in the Lugonia School. Later, branches extended to four schools (Irshay, 1987).
A great loss. When A. K. Smiley died on December 2, 1912, the library went into mourning. Special sessions of the Library Board were held and mourning draperies were hung in the library windows and left in place until 1913 (Irshay, 1987). But Mr. Smiley's wishes for further expansion of the library were to be met in the years to come (Irshay, 1987).
More space. The basement was opened in 1914 to add much needed space which pleased the librarians (Irshay, 1987). Charles Putnam, a member of the Library Board paid for the renovations. He was to continue to give generously to the library (Irshay, 1987). Miss Chapin continued with many advertising and publicity campaigns for the library as well as outreach programs. And, like Miss Humphreys before her, she continued to grow the collection of local history (Irshay, 1987).
The War. All public libraries were called upon in 1917 to raise funds for the armed services. Such a campaign was started in Redlands (Irshay, 1987). Two staff members had to leave the library for the war effort (Irshay, 1987). It was noted that less fiction was circulated at this time (Irshay, 1987).
Another librarian. In 1919, Miss Chapin, ill, and frustrated with the need for more staff, space and books resigned from the library. Her leaving was a great loss to the library (Irshay, 1987). A new librarian, who could see the library through another renovation, was needed. Elizabeth Lowry, formerly of the Chino Normal School, was employed to fill the position (Irshay, 1987).
The Building
The new children's wing. The younger half-brother of Alfred H. Smiley and Albert K. Smiley, Daniel Smiley, carried out the wishes of his brothers in 1919 by following through to see that a ten-thousand dollar bequest of Albert K. Smiley was given to the library for a new children's wing ("A fine addition to the library," 1919). The total amount of the wing was to cost over twelve-thousand dollars, with the difference to be paid by the city. Daniel Smiley regretted that he could not give more at the time (Irshay, 1987).
Details of the building. The details of the building were meticulously reviewed by John Fisk in his dedication speech of 1898 ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). The building was designed by the Redlands architect, T. R. Griffith under the close direction of A. K. Smiley. The builder was also from Redlands and deemed to be very capable ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898). The style of the building is Moorish, or sometimes also referred to as mission ("A. K. Smiley Public Library,"1898). The total cost of the building and the park was sixty-thousand dollars and A. K. Smiley was also responsible for procuring the land in the area, often buying properties to include in the library and the park grounds ("A. K. Smiley Public Library," 1898).
What follows is a description of the building construction and design as outlined in The Citrograph of John Fisk's speech in the article "A. K. Smiley Public Library" (1898):
The walls are "solid brick, relieved by stone trimmings." The roof "of the best quality
heavy tiling brought from Chicago." The large basement beneath, "as solid as stone
and cement." Two large furnaces " of the best make." Six huge fireplaces, "for
comfort during the winter." The dry basement good for storage of "pamphlets and
books." The "main building is in the shape of a cross - one hundred feet each way,
and is constructed from basement to tower of the best material." There is "plastering
upon steel lath, the floors are double, the upper floor of solid oak, highly polished,
all the inside finish is of the best quality of well seasoned quartered oak." All of the
wood inside - "except the mantels was done in Redlands." There are "grotesque
faces carved on the corbels at the end of the trusses overhead and in various places
about the building usually well executed." There is a "stone carving on the frieze over
main entrance" and it is "one of the best pieces of carving in Southern California."
The clear glass is of the "best quality of polished plate, and the stained glass of
extra quality." The library will be well lit by "83 electric lights" (p. 4).
When the new additions were built, they had to meet the previous standards and match the construction style and color (Irstay, 1987). The rose stained glass window in the reference wing had to be carefully removed and then replaced in the same spot when the room was increased by one-hundred feet in 1907 (Irstay, 1987). Below the stained glass rose windows are other windows depicting the symbols for science, the arts, literature and music (Burgess, n.d.). The addition of 1907 cost twelve-thousand dollars and was paid for by Albert K. Smiley (Burgess, n.d.). The 1920 Daniel Smiley Wing was paid for, in part, by the bequest donation of Albert K. Smiley, the rest made up by the city. Daniel Smiley, at the time, could not afford to cover the entire cost due to other obligations and debt after the death of his brother (Burgess, n.d.).
What follows is a description of the building construction and design as outlined in The Citrograph of John Fisk's speech in the article "A. K. Smiley Public Library" (1898):
The walls are "solid brick, relieved by stone trimmings." The roof "of the best quality
heavy tiling brought from Chicago." The large basement beneath, "as solid as stone
and cement." Two large furnaces " of the best make." Six huge fireplaces, "for
comfort during the winter." The dry basement good for storage of "pamphlets and
books." The "main building is in the shape of a cross - one hundred feet each way,
and is constructed from basement to tower of the best material." There is "plastering
upon steel lath, the floors are double, the upper floor of solid oak, highly polished,
all the inside finish is of the best quality of well seasoned quartered oak." All of the
wood inside - "except the mantels was done in Redlands." There are "grotesque
faces carved on the corbels at the end of the trusses overhead and in various places
about the building usually well executed." There is a "stone carving on the frieze over
main entrance" and it is "one of the best pieces of carving in Southern California."
The clear glass is of the "best quality of polished plate, and the stained glass of
extra quality." The library will be well lit by "83 electric lights" (p. 4).
When the new additions were built, they had to meet the previous standards and match the construction style and color (Irstay, 1987). The rose stained glass window in the reference wing had to be carefully removed and then replaced in the same spot when the room was increased by one-hundred feet in 1907 (Irstay, 1987). Below the stained glass rose windows are other windows depicting the symbols for science, the arts, literature and music (Burgess, n.d.). The addition of 1907 cost twelve-thousand dollars and was paid for by Albert K. Smiley (Burgess, n.d.). The 1920 Daniel Smiley Wing was paid for, in part, by the bequest donation of Albert K. Smiley, the rest made up by the city. Daniel Smiley, at the time, could not afford to cover the entire cost due to other obligations and debt after the death of his brother (Burgess, n.d.).
Andrew Carnegie visits the library. With a small crowd gathered, as A. K. Smiley did not want a large audience that day, Andrew Carnegie, the wealthy philanthropist from New York known for donating to the building funds of many public libraries, paid a visit to the A. K. Smiley Public Library ("Carnegie enjoys short visit in city," 1910). Andrew Carnegie and A. K. Smiley walked through the entire library together and, before he left, Carnegie autographed two books he had authored, The Empire Business and The Gospel of Wealth. These particular copies were placed in special collections and replaced on the shelves with non-autographed copies. Mr. Carnegie also signed the visitor book ("Carnegie enjoys short visit in city," 1910). Mr. Carnegie then went on to say, as quoted in The Citrograph article "Carnegie enjoys short visit in city" (1910):
This is the first time it has been my pleasure to sign my name in the visitor's
book of a library which I have not founded, and it gives me the greatest
pleasure, the more so, as it is the gift of my dear and honored friend,
Mr. Smiley -
Mr. Carnegie goes on to say:
His love for the cause impelled him to give and he actually borrowed the
money - borrowed the money, I say, to build this magnificent structure. He
has gone further than I have, and if I am entitled to a column in your papers,
Mr. Smiley is entitled to a page, yes, a whole issue of each of your
papers (p. 8).
This is the first time it has been my pleasure to sign my name in the visitor's
book of a library which I have not founded, and it gives me the greatest
pleasure, the more so, as it is the gift of my dear and honored friend,
Mr. Smiley -
Mr. Carnegie goes on to say:
His love for the cause impelled him to give and he actually borrowed the
money - borrowed the money, I say, to build this magnificent structure. He
has gone further than I have, and if I am entitled to a column in your papers,
Mr. Smiley is entitled to a page, yes, a whole issue of each of your
papers (p. 8).
Conclusion
Looking historically into the background of the A. K. Smiley Public Library, not only gives one an accounting of the library's own history, but also an accounting of the history of libraries in America. From its early beginnings in the YMCA, to the type of fund raising utilized, one can see the patterns of the general library movement of the day.
However, what stands apart in the A. K. Smiley Library is the extreme generosity of its namesake and the beautiful historic building which houses the library. It was true of the day for wealthy philanthropists to donate to public causes, such as what Andrew Carnegie did with his library grants. Although Albert K. Smiley and his family were good businessmen, they were not extremely wealthy (Hein, 1968). And, they were not as wealthy as Andrew Carnegie. But Albert K. Smiley was a very generous man who wanted to see the city of Redlands prosper.
However, what stands apart in the A. K. Smiley Library is the extreme generosity of its namesake and the beautiful historic building which houses the library. It was true of the day for wealthy philanthropists to donate to public causes, such as what Andrew Carnegie did with his library grants. Although Albert K. Smiley and his family were good businessmen, they were not extremely wealthy (Hein, 1968). And, they were not as wealthy as Andrew Carnegie. But Albert K. Smiley was a very generous man who wanted to see the city of Redlands prosper.
Epilogue
The A. K. Smiley Library in Redlands, California continues to serve the citizens of Redlands and Southern California. It is suffering somewhat in this current economic climate with a few layoffs and a decreased budget (Burgess, 2010). However, with several programs and community activities it is a very popular place with increases in circulation (Burgess, 2010).
The people of Redlands are very interested in their history. It is not hard to find published recountings of local history, especially library history. The A. K. Smiley Library is listed on both the California Historical Landmarks and the National Register of Historic Places.
The people of Redlands are very interested in their history. It is not hard to find published recountings of local history, especially library history. The A. K. Smiley Library is listed on both the California Historical Landmarks and the National Register of Historic Places.
References
A. K. Smiley Public Library. (1898, May 7). The Citrograph, pp. 1-5.
Burgess, L. E. (n.d.). A brief history: A. K. Smiley Public Library. Redlands, CA: The
Endowment.
Carnegie enjoys short visit in city. (1910, March 20). Redlands Daily Review, pp. 1,8.
City library. (1894, February 10). The Citrograph, p. 6.
City Trustees. (1894, March 3). The Citrograph, p.6.
City Trustees. (1894, September 8). The Citrograph, p. 6.
City Trustees. (1894, September 15). The Citrograph p. 6.
A fine addition to the library. (1919, November 21). Redlands Daily Facts, p. 12.
Harris, M. H. (Ed.). (1971). Reader in American library history. Washington, DC:
NCR Microcard Editions.
Hein, E. S. (Ed.). (1968). The Prospect Park Book. Redlands, CA: Prospect Park Fund.
Held, R. E. (1973). The rise of the public library in California. Chicago: American
Library Association.
Irshay, P. C. (1987). The pride and glory of the town: The story of the A. K. Smiley
Public Library. Redlands, CA: City of Redlands.
Lerner, F. (1998). The story of libraries: From the invention of writing to the computer
age. New York: The Continuum Publishing Company.
Library reception. (1894, February 24). The Citrograph, p. 6.
Moore, W. G. (1983). Redlands yesterdays: A photo album 1870-1920. Redlands, CA:
Moore Historical Foundation.
Mrs. Margaret Howard White. (1894, January 27). The Citrograph, p. 6, 7.
Public library. (1894, March 10). The Citrograph, p. 6.
A Public Library Association. (1893, November 25). The Citrograph, p. 10.
Redlands: Plans for the Smiley Library building compiled. (1897, August 8). Los Angeles
Times, p. 22. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.libaccess.losangelespublic
library.org
Special thanks to the staff of the Heritage Room, A. K. Smiley Public Library.
Burgess, L. E. (n.d.). A brief history: A. K. Smiley Public Library. Redlands, CA: The
Endowment.
Carnegie enjoys short visit in city. (1910, March 20). Redlands Daily Review, pp. 1,8.
City library. (1894, February 10). The Citrograph, p. 6.
City Trustees. (1894, March 3). The Citrograph, p.6.
City Trustees. (1894, September 8). The Citrograph, p. 6.
City Trustees. (1894, September 15). The Citrograph p. 6.
A fine addition to the library. (1919, November 21). Redlands Daily Facts, p. 12.
Harris, M. H. (Ed.). (1971). Reader in American library history. Washington, DC:
NCR Microcard Editions.
Hein, E. S. (Ed.). (1968). The Prospect Park Book. Redlands, CA: Prospect Park Fund.
Held, R. E. (1973). The rise of the public library in California. Chicago: American
Library Association.
Irshay, P. C. (1987). The pride and glory of the town: The story of the A. K. Smiley
Public Library. Redlands, CA: City of Redlands.
Lerner, F. (1998). The story of libraries: From the invention of writing to the computer
age. New York: The Continuum Publishing Company.
Library reception. (1894, February 24). The Citrograph, p. 6.
Moore, W. G. (1983). Redlands yesterdays: A photo album 1870-1920. Redlands, CA:
Moore Historical Foundation.
Mrs. Margaret Howard White. (1894, January 27). The Citrograph, p. 6, 7.
Public library. (1894, March 10). The Citrograph, p. 6.
A Public Library Association. (1893, November 25). The Citrograph, p. 10.
Redlands: Plans for the Smiley Library building compiled. (1897, August 8). Los Angeles
Times, p. 22. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.libaccess.losangelespublic
library.org
Special thanks to the staff of the Heritage Room, A. K. Smiley Public Library.